Create the Ultimate Herbal Homestead First Aid Kit

 

Life on a homestead is full of surprises. Every day brings new challenges, whether it's the unpredictability of weather, the persistence of weeds, or the sudden need to patch up a scraped knee or soothe an unexpected bee sting. Over the years, I've learned that having a well-stocked first aid kit is not just a good idea—it's essential. But I’m not only talking about your typical, store-bought first aid kit filled with band-aids and antiseptic wipes, although those items are a great idea. On our homestead, we rely on the healing power of plants. Our herbal first aid kit is the first line of defense against minor injuries, burns, bug bites, and common ailments. 

The Birth of My Herbal First Aid Kit 

The idea of an herbal first aid kit first came to me about 16 years ago when my daughter developed a stubborn case of eczema. I had tried various over-the-counter creams and lotions, but nothing seemed to help. Then, I remembered the research I'd come across this resilient plant our family was gifted just the season before —comfrey. Known for its skin-soothing properties, comfrey was something I had in my garden at the time, more out of curiosity than intention. I decided to make a simple comfrey salve by infusing the leaves in olive oil and blending it with a bit of beeswax. I applied it to my daughter’s irritated skin, and within days, her eczema started to improve. That experience was eye-opening. It showed me the power of herbs and how they could be used to treat common ailments. 

 

But it wasn’t until we moved to a more rural location that I realized my herbal first aid knowledge needed a serious upgrade. Our new home, nestled in a dense, wooded area, came with its own set of challenges. One of the first lessons came when my husband, Chanowk, accidentally brushed against some poison oak while clearing a path down to the creek. At first, it was just a small patch of red on his arm. But within hours, it had spread, and he was itching like mad. That’s when I realized: I needed to rethink our herbal first aid kit. 

I knew there had to be a natural remedy for poison oak, but I didn’t have anything on hand. So, I began looking around, reading herbal guides, and talking to fellow herbalists. It turns out several herbs are effective at treating the rash and itching caused by poison oak. Jewelweed, which often grows near poison ivy and poison oak, was one of the first remedies I'd heard about. It’s known for its ability to neutralize the compounds in poison oak that cause irritation. Since I didn't have any jewelweed available (or none that I could identify right away), I made a tiny bit of aloe vera from a fresh cut leaf to Chanowk’s arm. The relief from itchiness was almost immediate, and within a couple of days, the rash started to clear up. 

Another helpful herb we discovered was witch hazel. It has astringent properties that help to reduce inflammation and dry out the rash. The combination of these treatments helped Chanowk heal quickly, and it taught me an important lesson: the importance of being able to identify and utilize the plants around us for both immediate relief and long-term care. 

Living in a rural area also meant becoming more aware of the new dangers that could lurk around every corner—ticks, snakes, and all manner of insects I wasn't used to encountering in our previous home. It was essential to learn not only how to recognize these new threats but also which herbal remedies would be fitting for our family’s needs. I began paying closer attention to the plants that grew around our new property. I wanted to know which were medicinal, which were poisonous, and which could be used in a pinch. 

This was a turning point for me. It wasn't just about stocking an herbal first aid kit with the basics; it was about developing a deeper knowledge of this new land and understanding the medicinal properties of the plants around us. Now, I make sure that our herbal first aid kit is well-stocked with remedies that are relevant to our environment. Allies such as witch hazel extract, turmeric salve, and comfrey ointment. I’ve also added a few other essentials like rosemary to minimize mosquito bites, lavender oil for burns, and echinacea tincture to boost our immune systems. 

That experience with Chanowk and the poison oak was my "aha" moment. It showed me the importance of not just having a first aid kit but having the right first aid kit for our specific environment. This deeper understanding of the plants that surround us has become an integral part of our life and our daily routine. Every season brings new learning, new remedies, and a growing appreciation for the natural world and its incredible ability to heal. 

 

Essential Herbs for an Herbal First Aid Kit 

As I delved deeper into the world of herbal remedies, I realized there are certain plants that every homesteader should have on hand. These herbs have proven time and time again to be indispensable, not just for their healing properties but also for their versatility. Here are some of the must-haves in our herbal first aid kit: 

 Plantain (Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata) 

 

As I mentioned, plantain was one of the first herbs I turned to in a pinch, and it’s been a staple in our herbal first aid kit ever since. Native Americans referred to plantain as "white man's footprint" because the plant was not native to North America and seemed to appear wherever European settlers went. As the settlers traveled and established colonies, plantain seeds were inadvertently carried in their clothing, shoes, and livestock feed. Plantain quickly spread along the paths and settlements created by the Europeans, leading Native Americans to associate the plant with the arrival and movement of the colonizers.

Plantain (Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata) is a common yet often overlooked plant that is incredibly powerful in herbal medicine. Though it may appear as a humble weed, plantain is one of the most effective herbs for wound healing, drawing out toxins, and soothing inflammation. It grows abundantly in many parts of the world and can be easily identified by its broad, oval leaves (in Plantago major) or its narrower, lance-shaped leaves (in Plantago lanceolata), along with its distinctive seed stalks. For homesteaders, plantain is a vital herb to know and use for everyday first aid.

Medicinal Benefits of Plantain

1. Wound Healing:

   • Plantain is most famous for its ability to heal wounds and draw out infections. When crushed or chewed into a poultice, plantain leaves can be applied directly to cuts, scrapes, and other wounds to promote healing. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant help prevent infection and reduce swelling.

2. Soothes Insect Bites and Stings:

   • One of plantain’s best-known uses is as a remedy for insect bites, bee stings, and even snake bites. When applied as a poultice, plantain helps to draw out the venom, reduce itching, and soothe the inflammation caused by the bite. Many homesteaders keep plantain leaves close by in case of outdoor emergencies.

3. Draws Out Splinters and Toxins:

   • Plantain has a unique ability to draw out foreign objects like splinters, as well as toxins from infections, boils, and abscesses. By crushing plantain leaves and applying them as a poultice, you can help bring the object or toxin to the surface, allowing it to be easily removed or healed.

4. Anti-Inflammatory and Pain-Relieving:

   • Plantain contains compounds that help reduce inflammation and relieve pain. It’s particularly useful for soothing irritated or inflamed skin, such as from burns, rashes, and eczema. The cooling effect of plantain makes it an excellent choice for skin that needs calming and healing.

5. Supports Respiratory Health:

   • Plantain is also used to support respiratory health. It can help soothe coughs, bronchitis, and throat irritation due to its mucilage content, which coats and soothes the mucous membranes. Drinking plantain tea can provide relief for respiratory issues and ease discomfort from colds.

6. Digestive Aid:

   • Plantain is rich in fiber and can be used to treat digestive issues like diarrhea or constipation. It’s gentle on the digestive system, and consuming plantain tea or adding the seeds to meals can help regulate digestion and support gut health.

How to Use Plantain

• Plantain Poultice:

  • The simplest way to use plantain for wounds, bites, or stings is to make a fresh poultice. Pick a few clean plantain leaves, chew them to release their juices (or crush them with a mortar and pestle if you prefer), and apply the chewed or crushed leaves directly to the affected area. Cover with a clean cloth or bandage to keep the poultice in place. Reapply as needed until healing begins.

• Plantain Salve:

  • You can make a plantain-infused salve by steeping fresh or dried plantain leaves in olive oil over low heat for several hours, then straining and mixing the oil with melted beeswax. This salve can be used for cuts, scrapes, burns, and insect bites. It’s a great way to preserve plantain’s healing properties for long-term use.

• Plantain Tea:

  • Plantain tea is beneficial for soothing internal inflammation and supporting respiratory and digestive health. To make plantain tea, steep a tablespoon of dried leaves in hot water for about 10 minutes. Strain and drink the tea to help with coughs, colds, or digestive discomfort. The tea can also be used as a wash for wounds or irritated skin.

• Plantain Infused Oil:

  • Similar to making a salve, plantain oil is a simple and effective way to use the herb for healing purposes. This infused oil can be applied to skin irritations, bug bites, or small wounds to promote healing and reduce inflammation.

Growing Plantain on the Homestead

Plantain is one of the easiest herbs to grow because it often grows wild in many climates and can tolerate various soil conditions. It thrives in disturbed soil, such as along paths, in garden beds, or even in lawns. Once you know how to identify plantain, you’ll likely notice it growing all around your homestead.

It can be grown from seed or propagated by dividing established plants. Since it spreads easily, it’s best to let it grow in areas where you don’t mind a little wildness, such as around the edges of your garden or in areas that could benefit from its soil-holding roots.

Harvesting and Storing Plantain

You can harvest plantain leaves anytime during the growing season, though they are most potent in the spring and early summer. Simply pick the leaves when they’re fresh and green. To preserve them for later use, you can dry the leaves by laying them out in a single layer in a cool, dry place until fully dry. Once dried, store the leaves in an airtight container in a dark, cool spot to maintain their potency.

Cultural and Historical Significance of Plantain

Plantain has a long history of use in traditional herbal medicine across various cultures. Native Americans referred to plantain as “white man’s footprint” because it often grew wherever European settlers disturbed the land. They quickly adopted the plant for its medicinal uses, particularly for treating wounds, bites, and skin irritations.

In African American and African traditional herbal medicine, plantain has been used for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. Enslaved Africans incorporated plantain into their remedies, using it as a poultice to treat wounds and skin infections, and its use continued in African American herbal traditions.

Today, plantain remains one of the most accessible and effective herbs for first aid and healing, making it a valuable addition to any homestead.

 

 

Calendula (Calendula officinalis), also known as pot marigold, is a vibrant and versatile herb that has been used for centuries for its healing properties. With its bright orange and yellow flowers, calendula is not only a beautiful addition to the garden but also a potent medicinal herb. Revered for its ability to soothe skin irritations, heal wounds, and provide anti-inflammatory benefits, calendula is a must-have for any homesteader interested in herbal medicine.

Medicinal Benefits of Calendula

1. Skin Healing:

   • Calendula is best known for its ability to heal and soothe the skin. It promotes fast recovery from cuts, scrapes, burns, and other minor wounds by stimulating collagen production, which helps tissues regenerate quickly. Calendula also has antibacterial properties, making it useful for preventing infection in minor wounds.

2. Anti-Inflammatory:

   • Calendula is packed with powerful anti-inflammatory compounds, making it effective for reducing redness, swelling, and irritation. It’s commonly used to treat skin conditions like eczema, dermatitis, rashes, and sunburn.

3. Antifungal:

   • Calendula is a natural antifungal, making it a great remedy for treating fungal infections like athlete’s foot, ringworm, and candida. Its antifungal properties are especially useful in salves, ointments, or infused oils applied to affected areas.

4. Wound Care:

   • The antiseptic and healing properties of calendula make it an excellent choice for wound care. Applying calendula to wounds or using calendula-infused oils or creams can help prevent infection while promoting healing. Calendula is often used as an ingredient in first aid creams and ointments because of its effectiveness in treating cuts, scrapes, and burns.

5. Menstrual Support:

   • Calendula is often used in teas or tinctures to help regulate menstrual cycles and ease menstrual cramps. Its antispasmodic properties help relax the muscles of the uterus, providing relief from discomfort and helping with conditions like amenorrhea or heavy periods.

6. Immune System Support:

   • Calendula has immune-boosting properties and can help fight infections and support overall immune health. Drinking calendula tea or using calendula tinctures can be beneficial during cold and flu season to help the body fight off infections.

7. Digestive Health:

   • Calendula is also used to treat digestive issues like gastritis, ulcers, and inflammation of the stomach lining. The herb soothes the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, reducing inflammation and promoting healing.

How to Use Calendula

• Calendula Salve:

  • Calendula salve is one of the most popular ways to use this herb. It’s easy to make and incredibly useful for treating cuts, burns, and skin irritations. To make a calendula salve, infuse dried calendula flowers in a carrier oil (such as olive or coconut oil) for several weeks, strain the oil, and then mix it with melted beeswax to create a thick, healing ointment.

• Calendula Tea:

  • Calendula tea is an excellent remedy for soothing digestive issues, reducing inflammation, and supporting immune health. Steep dried calendula petals in hot water for 10-15 minutes to create a tea that can be drunk or used as a healing wash for wounds or skin irritations.

• Calendula Poultice:

  • A calendula poultice can be applied directly to wounds, rashes, or insect bites to promote healing. To make a poultice, crush fresh or dried calendula flowers and mix them with water to create a paste. Apply the mixture to the affected area, then cover with a clean cloth.

• Calendula Infused Oil:

  • Calendula-infused oil is a powerful remedy for treating dry or damaged skin, and it can be used as a base for creams, lotions, and salves. It can also be applied directly to wounds and inflamed areas to speed up healing and soothe irritation.

• Calendula Tincture:

  • A calendula tincture can be taken internally to boost the immune system, fight infections, and support digestive health. To make a tincture, place fresh or dried calendula flowers in a jar and cover with alcohol (such as vodka or brandy). Let it sit for 4-6 weeks, then strain the liquid and store it in a dark glass bottle.

Growing Calendula on the Homestead

Calendula is an incredibly easy plant to grow, making it perfect for beginner gardeners and experienced homesteaders alike. It thrives in most soil types, though it prefers well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight. Calendula can be grown in garden beds or containers, and it’s an excellent companion plant for vegetables and herbs as it attracts beneficial insects like bees and butterflies. The petals are also edible.

Calendula is also known for its ability to reseed itself, so once planted, it will likely return year after year. The flowers can be harvested throughout the growing season, and the petals can be dried for later use in teas, salves, and other herbal remedies.

Harvesting and Storing Calendula

To harvest calendula, wait until the flowers are fully open and vibrant in color. Pick the flowers in the morning after the dew has dried for the best potency. Gently remove the petals from the flower heads and dry them in a warm, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight. Once dried, store the petals in an airtight jar in a cool, dark place to preserve their medicinal qualities.

Cultural and Historical Significance of Calendula

Calendula has been used for centuries across various cultures for its healing properties. In ancient Greece and Rome, calendula was valued for its ability to treat wounds and infections. In medieval Europe, it was often used in cooking and medicine, believed to purify the blood and heal the skin.

Calendula has long been associated with sun and warmth, and in many cultures, it symbolized protection and healing. African American and Indigenous herbalists used calendula to treat skin conditions and wounds, passing down this knowledge through generations. Today, calendula continues to be revered for its healing power and is a staple in natural medicine cabinets worldwide.

Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 

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Comfrey: The Healing Herb for Your Homestead

Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is a powerful herb that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, especially for treating wounds, bruises, sprains, and bone injuries. Known as “knitbone” or “bone-set,” comfrey is prized for its ability to speed up the healing process of broken bones and tissue damage. With its large, hairy leaves and bell-shaped purple flowers, comfrey is not only a beautiful plant to grow in the garden but also an incredibly useful addition to any homesteader’s herbal medicine cabinet.

Medicinal Benefits of Comfrey

1. Wound Healing:

   • Comfrey is most famous for its ability to heal wounds quickly. The herb contains allantoin, a compound that promotes cell regeneration and encourages the growth of new skin, muscle, and bone tissue. This makes comfrey ideal for treating cuts, scrapes, and even more serious injuries like broken bones.

2. Bone and Joint Health:

   • The nickname “knitbone” speaks to comfrey’s historical use in treating bone fractures. Comfrey’s high allantoin content helps regenerate damaged tissue and reduce inflammation, speeding up the recovery process for sprains, strains, and bone injuries. While it doesn’t replace the need for medical treatment, comfrey is often used as a complementary therapy to support healing.

3. Anti-Inflammatory:

   • Comfrey also has potent anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful for reducing pain and swelling. It’s particularly effective when applied to sore muscles, arthritis, or joint pain, helping to reduce inflammation and provide relief.

4. Bruises and Sprains:

   • Comfrey can help speed up the healing of bruises and sprains by increasing circulation and reducing swelling. Applying a comfrey poultice or salve to a bruised or sprained area can dramatically improve recovery time.

5. Skin Soothing:

   • Comfrey is often used to treat skin irritations like rashes, eczema, or insect bites due to its ability to reduce inflammation and encourage the growth of healthy skin cells. Comfrey-infused creams and salves are commonly used for these purposes.

How to Use Comfrey

• Comfrey Poultice:

  • For injuries like cuts, bruises, or sprains, a comfrey poultice can be applied directly to the affected area. To make a poultice, crush fresh comfrey leaves and apply them to the skin, then cover with a clean cloth or bandage. You can also use dried comfrey, which can be rehydrated with water and then applied in the same way.

• Comfrey Salve:

  • Comfrey-infused salve is a convenient way to have this healing herb ready to use at any time. To make a comfrey salve, infuse comfrey leaves in olive oil over low heat for several hours, then strain and combine the infused oil with beeswax to create a thick ointment. This salve can be used to treat cuts, bruises, and skin irritations.

• Comfrey Tea (External Use Only):

  • Comfrey tea can be used as a wash for cuts, scrapes, and other skin wounds. To make the tea, steep dried comfrey leaves in boiling water for 10-15 minutes, allow it to cool, and then apply the liquid to the skin with a clean cloth. Comfrey tea should only be used externally, as the plant contains compounds that can be harmful if ingested.

• Comfrey Oil:

  • Comfrey-infused oil can be massaged into sore muscles and joints to reduce pain and inflammation. Like the salve, this oil can be made by slowly infusing dried comfrey leaves in a carrier oil (such as olive or coconut oil) and then straining the oil for use.

Growing Comfrey on the Homestead

Comfrey is a perennial plant that is incredibly easy to grow on the homestead. It thrives in a variety of soil conditions and is particularly valuable because of its ability to improve soil health. Comfrey has deep roots that draw up nutrients from the subsoil, enriching the topsoil with minerals. It’s also known as a “dynamic accumulator” because its leaves are high in nutrients like potassium, which can be used as a natural fertilizer or mulch in the garden.

Comfrey can be propagated from root cuttings, and once established, it grows quickly and vigorously. Be mindful of where you plant it, as comfrey can spread easily and become difficult to remove once established.

Cultural and Historical Significance of Comfrey

Comfrey has a long history of use in traditional medicine across various cultures. The Greeks and Romans valued comfrey for its ability to heal wounds and broken bones. Throughout medieval Europe, it was used in poultices and teas for a wide range of ailments, from fractures to gastrointestinal issues.

In African American and Indigenous herbal traditions, comfrey was often used as a poultice for injuries or skin ailments. It was particularly valued in communities where access to formal medical care was limited, as its ability to speed up healing made it indispensable for treating common injuries.

Today, comfrey is still widely used in herbal medicine, but it is important to note that internal use of comfrey is discouraged due to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic to the liver. For this reason, comfrey is primarily recommended for external use.

Cautions with Comfrey Use

While comfrey is a powerful healer, there are some precautions to keep in mind:

• External Use Only: Comfrey should not be ingested because it contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can cause liver damage if taken internally over long periods. Always use comfrey externally and avoid using it on deep or open wounds that might allow the compounds to enter the bloodstream.

• Short-Term Use: While comfrey is highly effective for treating injuries, it’s recommended to use it for short periods and on specific areas to avoid any potential buildup of toxic compounds.

How to Make a Comfrey Poultice

Ingredients:

• Fresh or dried comfrey leaves (fresh leaves are preferable, but dried can also be used)
• A small amount of water (for dried leaves)
• Clean cloth or bandage

Instructions:

1. Harvest or Prepare the Comfrey: If using fresh comfrey leaves, gather several leaves and wash them thoroughly. If using dried leaves, place them in a small bowl and add just enough warm water to rehydrate them until they form a soft, wet mass.

2. Crush the Leaves: For fresh leaves, chop them finely or crush them with a mortar and pestle. You can also use the back of a spoon or even your hands to break the leaves apart and release their juices. If you're using dried comfrey, this step is done after rehydration.

3. Form the Poultice: Once the leaves are soft and juicy, apply them directly to the affected area of the skin. Spread a thick layer of the crushed comfrey over the skin, covering the entire affected area.

4. Wrap the Area: Cover the comfrey poultice with a clean cloth, bandage, or gauze to hold it in place. Leave it on the skin for 30 minutes to several hours, depending on the severity of the injury. For more intense injuries, some herbalists recommend leaving it on overnight.

5. Repeat as Needed: You can reapply the poultice several times a day as necessary, replacing it with fresh comfrey each time.

 

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 

 

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is one of the most popular and versatile herbs in the world. Known for its calming fragrance, lavender has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, aromatherapy, and even in culinary applications. With its beautiful purple blooms and soothing scent, lavender is not only a delight in the garden but also a powerful tool in the herbalist's kit.

Medicinal Benefits of Lavender

1. Stress Relief and Relaxation:

   • Lavender is most famous for its ability to calm the nervous system and reduce stress. The herb has been widely used in aromatherapy to promote relaxation and alleviate symptoms of anxiety and tension. Inhaling lavender oil or enjoying a cup of lavender tea can help ease feelings of stress and support restful sleep.

2. Promotes Sleep:

   • For centuries, lavender has been used to improve sleep quality. The soothing properties of its essential oils make it a common ingredient in sleep aids. A few drops of lavender essential oil on a pillow or in a diffuser can help individuals fall asleep more quickly and enjoy deeper, uninterrupted sleep.

3. Relieves Pain and Inflammation:

   • Lavender's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties make it effective for treating minor aches and pains, such as headaches, muscle soreness, and joint pain. It is particularly useful when massaged into sore muscles or used in a bath to ease tension.

4. Skin Healing and Care:

   • Lavender is excellent for treating burns, cuts, and skin irritations. Its antibacterial properties help to prevent infection, while its soothing qualities reduce pain and promote faster healing. Lavender oil is often applied directly to small burns or wounds to reduce inflammation and scarring.

5. Respiratory Support:

   • Lavender is also beneficial for the respiratory system. Its steam inhalation can help clear sinuses, reduce congestion, and alleviate symptoms of respiratory conditions like colds, bronchitis, or asthma.

6. Antimicrobial Properties:

   • Lavender has natural antimicrobial properties, which means it can help kill bacteria and viruses. It’s commonly used in homemade cleaning products or added to skincare routines to prevent and treat acne and other skin infections.

How to Use Lavender

• Aromatherapy: Lavender essential oil is widely used in diffusers, massage oils, and candles to promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, and improve sleep. Simply adding a few drops of lavender oil to a diffuser can transform the atmosphere of a room into a calming, peaceful space.

• Tea: Lavender tea is an excellent way to relieve stress, aid digestion, and promote sleep. You can steep dried lavender flowers in hot water for about 5-10 minutes to make a soothing, fragrant tea.

• Topical Application: Lavender oil can be applied to the skin to treat burns, cuts, insect bites, or irritations. It’s also used in homemade salves and creams to heal and hydrate the skin. Always dilute lavender oil with a carrier oil (like coconut or olive oil) before applying it directly to the skin.

• Baths: Adding lavender flowers or essential oil to a warm bath can help soothe sore muscles, relax the mind, and promote restful sleep. It’s a popular ingredient in homemade bath salts and bath bombs for this reason.

• Culinary Uses: Lavender is not just for aromatherapy; it’s also used in cooking! Dried lavender buds can add a subtle floral flavor to baked goods, teas, and even savory dishes like roasted meats. Lavender pairs especially well with honey, lemon, and herbs like rosemary or thyme.

Growing Lavender on the Homestead

Lavender is a hardy and low-maintenance plant that thrives in well-drained soil and full sun, making it perfect for many homesteads. It is drought-tolerant once established, and its beautiful purple flowers attract beneficial pollinators like bees and butterflies, making it a valuable plant for the health of your garden. Lavender can be grown from seed, but it's often easier to start with young plants or cuttings. 

To harvest lavender, wait until the flowers are fully bloomed. Cut the flower stems in the morning when the essential oil content is highest, then hang the bundles upside down in a cool, dry place to dry them for later use.

There are more than 450 varieties of lavender that are catagorized in 45 different species. I like many of them however my favorite varieties to grow are Lavendula augustifolia (English Lavender), Lavendula x Intermedia (Lavandin), although I enjoy growing several others. 

Cultural and Historical Significance of Lavender

Lavender has a rich history across various cultures. It was used by the ancient Egyptians in their embalming processes and cosmetics, while the Romans used lavender in their baths and believed in its disinfecting properties. In medieval Europe, lavender was commonly strewn across floors in homes and churches to keep insects and bad odors at bay. In traditional African American and African herbal medicine, lavender has been used for its calming effects, especially to relieve anxiety and stress. The herb’s universal appeal and enduring presence in gardens and homes worldwide underscore its reputation as a beloved healing plant.

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) 

 

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a powerful, time-tested herb known for its wide range of medicinal uses. Often found growing wild in fields and along roadsides, yarrow has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat wounds, reduce inflammation, and promote overall health. With its delicate, feathery leaves and clusters of small white or pink flowers, yarrow is not only a beautiful addition to the homestead garden but also a potent ally in herbal medicine.

Medicinal Benefits of Yarrow

1. Wound Healing:

   • Yarrow is renowned for its ability to stop bleeding and heal wounds. Its styptic properties make it ideal for applying to cuts, scrapes, and minor wounds. In fact, yarrow earned its Latin name Achillea, from the Greek hero Achilles, who, according to legend, used the plant to treat soldiers' battle wounds.

2. Anti-Inflammatory and Antiseptic:

   • Yarrow’s anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties make it an excellent herb for treating infections, rashes, and swelling. It not only prevents infection in open wounds but also soothes irritated skin, helping it to heal more quickly.

3. Digestive Health:

   • Yarrow can help relieve indigestion, gas, and bloating. Drinking yarrow tea stimulates the digestive system, promoting the production of digestive enzymes and bile, which can aid in breaking down food more efficiently.

4. Fever Reduction:

   • Yarrow is known as a diaphoretic herb, meaning it promotes sweating, making it an effective remedy for reducing fevers. By encouraging the body to sweat, yarrow helps bring down body temperature during fevers associated with colds, flu, or infections.

5. Relief from Menstrual Discomfort:

   • Yarrow has been traditionally used to regulate menstrual cycles and relieve cramps. It’s believed to have an antispasmodic effect, which helps relax the muscles of the uterus, reducing pain and discomfort.

6. Respiratory Health:

   • Yarrow’s ability to reduce inflammation and clear mucus makes it beneficial for treating respiratory issues like colds, bronchitis, and sinus infections. Drinking yarrow tea or inhaling steam infused with yarrow can help open airways and reduce congestion.

How to Use Yarrow

• Yarrow Poultice:

  • For treating cuts and wounds, a yarrow poultice can be made from fresh or dried leaves and flowers. Simply crush fresh yarrow leaves, or rehydrate dried yarrow with a small amount of water, and apply it directly to the wound. Cover with a clean cloth or bandage to keep the poultice in place.

• Yarrow Tea:

  • Yarrow tea is an excellent remedy for fevers, colds, and digestive issues. To make it, steep one tablespoon of dried yarrow leaves and flowers in hot water for about 10-15 minutes. Drinking this tea can also help with menstrual cramps and promote overall relaxation.

• Yarrow Infused Oil:

  • Infusing yarrow in a carrier oil (like olive or coconut oil) makes a healing oil that can be used for sore muscles, skin irritations, and wound care. You can also use yarrow-infused oil as a base for salves and balms.

• Yarrow Tincture:

  • A tincture made from yarrow can be used to treat digestive issues, menstrual discomfort, and fevers. To make a tincture, place fresh or dried yarrow in a glass jar and cover it with alcohol (such as vodka or brandy). Let it sit for 4-6 weeks, shaking the jar occasionally, then strain and store in a dark glass bottle. A few drops under the tongue or in water can provide relief from various ailments.

Growing Yarrow on the Homestead

Yarrow is a hardy perennial that thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It’s drought-tolerant and requires little maintenance once established, making it perfect for the homestead garden. In addition to its medicinal benefits, yarrow is also a great companion plant. Its deep roots help improve soil structure, and it attracts beneficial insects like bees, butterflies, and ladybugs to the garden. While I do have a nice path growing in our gardens, it also grows wild on the land.

Yarrow spreads easily, so it’s important to give it enough space to grow. You can harvest yarrow by cutting the stems just as the flowers begin to bloom, which is when the plant is at its most potent. Both the leaves and flowers can be dried for later use in teas, poultices, or infused oils.

Cultural and Historical Significance of Yarrow

Yarrow has been used for centuries in cultures around the world. In ancient Greece, yarrow was applied to wounds on the battlefield to stop bleeding and promote healing. Native American tribes used yarrow for a variety of ailments, including colds, fevers, and digestive problems. It was also traditionally used in ceremonies and rituals to ward off evil spirits and promote protection.

In African American and Indigenous herbal traditions, yarrow was often employed as a "blood mover," helping to regulate the flow of blood, whether to stop it externally or to promote circulation internally. Its diverse applications and powerful healing abilities have earned yarrow a place in the hearts of herbalists for generations.

 

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) 

 

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), also known as purple coneflower, is one of the most popular and powerful herbs used to support the immune system. With its striking purple petals and prominent cone-shaped center, echinacea is not only beautiful but also highly valued for its medicinal properties. Native to North America, this herb has been used for centuries by Indigenous peoples and herbalists alike to ward off infections, colds, and other illnesses. Echinacea is a must-have herb for any homesteader looking to strengthen their natural health practices.

An elder herbalist, who I once studied under, introduced me to the powers of echinacea years ago. It was she who taught me to place a few seeds of echinacea on the front on my tongue and to wait a few seconds. Aha, then I felt it, the soft tingling sensation of the seed reacting with the moisture of my tongue. She explained to me this tingling sensation is a sign of good strong medicine.

Medicinal Benefits of Echinacea

1. Immune System Support:

   • Echinacea is best known for its ability to boost the immune system and help the body fight off infections. It works by increasing the production of white blood cells, which are responsible for defending the body against pathogens. Many people use echinacea to shorten the duration of colds, flu, and other respiratory infections.

2. Anti-Inflammatory:

   • Echinacea contains powerful anti-inflammatory compounds that help reduce inflammation in the body. This makes it beneficial for treating conditions like arthritis, sore throats, and sinus infections. Regular use of echinacea can help reduce swelling and inflammation in both acute and chronic conditions.

3. Antiviral and Antibacterial Properties:

   • Echinacea is rich in compounds that help kill viruses and bacteria, making it effective in treating respiratory infections, skin infections, and other bacterial conditions. It is often used in combination with other herbs to enhance its effectiveness in fighting off illness.

4. Wound Healing:

   • Echinacea has been traditionally used for its ability to speed up the healing process of wounds, cuts, and burns. It helps prevent infection and promotes tissue regeneration. Echinacea-infused salves or creams can be applied to wounds to support faster healing.

5. Respiratory Health:

   • Echinacea is commonly used to treat respiratory infections such as colds, flu, bronchitis, and sinusitis. Drinking echinacea tea at the onset of a cold can help reduce symptoms and speed up recovery. It also helps relieve congestion and soothe irritated respiratory passages.

6. Pain Relief:

   • Echinacea has mild analgesic properties, making it useful for treating pain associated with conditions like headaches, sore muscles, and toothaches. It can be used in tinctures or teas to help reduce discomfort.

How to Use Echinacea

• Echinacea Tea:

  • One of the simplest ways to use echinacea is by making a tea from the dried flowers, leaves, or roots. Steep one tablespoon of dried echinacea in hot water for about 10-15 minutes. Drinking echinacea tea regularly during cold and flu season can help strengthen the immune system and ward off infections.

• Echinacea Tincture:

  • A tincture is a concentrated extract of echinacea that can be taken internally to boost immunity or relieve symptoms of colds and infections. To make a tincture, place dried or fresh echinacea roots or flowers in a jar and cover with alcohol (such as vodka). Let it steep for 4-6 weeks, shaking the jar occasionally. Once ready, strain the liquid and store it in a dark glass bottle. Take a few drops in water when needed to fight off illness.

• Echinacea Capsules or Powders:

  • Echinacea can also be taken in capsule or powder form for those who prefer not to use tinctures or teas. These forms are easy to take and can be incorporated into your daily routine as a preventative measure, especially during cold and flu season.

• Echinacea Salve:

  • For external use, echinacea can be infused into an oil and turned into a salve for treating wounds, cuts, and burns. Simply infuse dried echinacea flowers or roots in a carrier oil for several weeks, then strain and mix with melted beeswax to create a healing ointment.

• Echinacea Infused Oil:

  • Echinacea-infused oil can be used topically to treat skin infections, minor cuts, and burns. This oil can also be used as a base for salves or applied directly to the skin to support healing.

Growing Echinacea on the Homestead

Echinacea is a hardy perennial that thrives in most North American climates, making it a perfect addition to any homestead garden. It prefers well-drained soil and full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Echinacea is drought-tolerant once established and requires minimal care, making it a low-maintenance plant that will return year after year.

Echinacea can be grown from seeds or young plants. If starting from seeds, sow them directly into the garden in the spring or fall, as they need a cold period to germinate. The flowers bloom from mid-summer to early fall, attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies, making it not only a medicinal plant but also a beneficial one for your garden’s ecosystem.

Harvesting and Storing Echinacea

Echinacea can be harvested throughout the growing season, depending on which part of the plant you want to use. The flowers and leaves are typically harvested when the plant is in full bloom, while the roots are best harvested in the fall after the plant has had a chance to store nutrients for the winter.

To dry echinacea flowers and leaves, cut them off the plant and hang them upside down in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight. The roots can be washed, chopped, and dried on a screen or dehydrator. Once dried, store the plant material in airtight containers in a cool, dark place to preserve its medicinal properties.

Cultural and Historical Significance of Echinacea

Echinacea has a long history of use in Native American medicine. Tribes such as the Cheyenne, Dakota, and Omaha used the plant to treat a variety of ailments, including snake bites, wounds, sore throats, and toothaches. Echinacea’s use as a medicine was passed on to early settlers, and by the late 19th century, it had become a staple in American herbalism.

In African American herbal traditions, echinacea was often used as part of natural remedies for strengthening the immune system and treating infections. Enslaved Africans and their descendants relied heavily on native plants like echinacea to maintain their health when formal medical care was either unavailable or unaffordable.

Today, echinacea remains one of the most popular herbs used in natural medicine for its immune-boosting and infection-fighting properties. It is widely available in many forms, including teas, tinctures, capsules, and topical preparations, and continues to be a go-to herb for supporting overall health.

 

Mint (Mentha × piperita) (macho, chocolate, apple) 

 

Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) is one of the most well-known and versatile herbs used in herbal medicine, culinary arts, and even aromatherapy. It's a hybrid between watermint and spearmint, and it has been valued for centuries for its refreshing aroma, flavor, and numerous medicinal benefits. Peppermint is packed with essential oils, particularly menthol, which is responsible for its cooling sensation and therapeutic properties.

Medicinal Benefits of Peppermint

1. Digestive Health:

   • One of peppermint's most popular uses is for soothing digestive issues, such as bloating, indigestion, gas, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Peppermint tea is commonly consumed after meals to promote digestion and alleviate discomfort. The menthol in peppermint helps relax the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, reducing spasms and cramps.

2. Headache Relief:

   • Peppermint's cooling sensation can help relieve tension headaches and migraines. Applying diluted peppermint oil to the temples, neck, or forehead provides relief by increasing blood flow and creating a calming effect on tense muscles.

3. Respiratory Support:

   • The menthol in peppermint has decongestant properties, making it an effective herb for soothing respiratory conditions such as colds, sinusitis, and asthma. Inhaling steam infused with peppermint oil can open up nasal passages and make breathing easier.

4. Pain Relief:

   • Peppermint oil can be applied topically to relieve muscle and joint pain due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It’s particularly useful for conditions like arthritis or muscle soreness after strenuous physical activity.

5. Skin Care:

   • Due to its antibacterial properties, peppermint is a common ingredient in natural skin care products. It can help soothe irritation, reduce inflammation, and treat acne. Additionally, the cooling effect can provide relief for itchy or irritated skin.

6. Energy Booster and Mental Clarity:

   • Peppermint is known to boost energy and enhance mental focus. Drinking peppermint tea or using peppermint essential oil in a diffuser can help improve concentration, fight fatigue, and increase alertness.

7. Oral Health:

   • Peppermint is commonly found in toothpaste and mouthwash because it freshens breath and has antibacterial properties that help reduce oral bacteria and support gum health. Chewing on fresh peppermint leaves can also help with bad breath.

How to Use Peppermint

• Tea: Steep fresh or dried peppermint leaves in hot water for 5-10 minutes for a soothing herbal tea that helps with digestion, headaches, or cold symptoms.

• Essential Oil: Peppermint essential oil can be diluted with a carrier oil and applied to the skin for pain relief, inhaled for respiratory support, or diffused for energy and focus. Always dilute essential oils before topical use.

• Poultice: A peppermint poultice can be applied to the skin to help reduce muscle pain, headaches, or inflammation. Crush fresh peppermint leaves and apply them directly to the skin, covering the area with a cloth.

• Peppermint-infused Oil: Infusing fresh peppermint leaves in olive or coconut oil can create a peppermint oil that can be used for massages, pain relief, or skincare.

Growing Peppermint on the Homestead

Peppermint is an excellent herb to grow on a homestead because it’s hardy and easy to cultivate. It thrives in partial sunlight and moist, well-drained soil. However, peppermint can spread aggressively, so it's best to grow it in containers or designated garden areas to prevent it from taking over. Harvest the leaves regularly to encourage growth, and you’ll have a consistent supply for teas, oils, and herbal remedies. Some of the other mint varieties we grow include chocolate mint and macho mint.

Cultural and Historical Uses of Peppermint

Peppermint has been used throughout history for its medicinal properties. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans valued it for its ability to treat digestive ailments. In African American and African herbal traditions, peppermint was often used for digestive health and to treat colds and fevers. The herb's rich history spans across many cultures, where it was recognized not only for its healing properties but also as a symbol of hospitality and prosperity.

 

Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)  

 

Creating Your Own Herbal First Aid Kit   

  

Creating your own herbal first aid kit is a journey in itself—a journey that connects you more deeply with the plants around you and empowers you to take control of your health naturally. Here’s how to get started: 

1. Identify Your Needs: Think about the most common injuries and ailments you encounter on your homestead. For us, it’s cuts, scrapes, burns, insect bites, and the occasional cold or upset stomach. Your needs might differ, so tailor your kit accordingly. 

1. Gather Your Herbs: Once you’ve identified your needs, start gathering the herbs that will best address them. You can grow many of these herbs in your garden, forage for them in the wild, or purchase them from reputable sources. 

1. Prepare Your Remedies: Preparing your remedies can be as simple or as complex as you like. You might start with dried herbs for teas and poultices or venture into making tinctures, salves, and infused oils. There’s a real joy in the process of creating your own remedies—it’s a labor of love that pays off when you or a loved one needs it most. 

1. Label Everything: It’s crucial to label all your remedies with the name of the herb, the preparation date, and any instructions for use. This will ensure you know exactly what you’re using and how to use it safely. 

1. Store Your Kit Properly: Keep your herbal first aid kit in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. This will help preserve the potency of your herbs and remedies. 

The Power of Herbal Healing 

Having an herbal first aid kit has transformed how we approach health and wellness on our homestead. It's not just about having the right remedies on hand; it's about living in harmony with nature and utilizing the resources that surround us. Every time I reach for a jar of calendula salve or brew a cup of chamomile tea, I’m reminded of the countless generations before me who relied on these very same plants for healing. 

And it’s not just about physical health. The process of creating and using herbal remedies is deeply grounding. It’s a reminder of our connection to the earth 

Sources

Carney, Judith A., and Richard Nicholas Rosomoff. In the Shadow of Slavery: Africa’s Botanical Legacy in the Atlantic World. University of California Press, 2009.

VanDyke, Lucretia. African American Herbalism: A Practical Guide to Healing Plants and Folk Traditions. Hay House, 2022.

Green, Ava, and Kate Bensinger. The Art of Herbal Healing: Herbalism for Beginners. Independently Published, 2020.

Lee, Michele Elizabeth. Working the Roots: Over 400 Years of Traditional African American Healing. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2017.